1 Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
2 Transitional Pain Service, Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
3 Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
4 Department of Anesthesia, Providence Health Care/St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
5 Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
6 Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
7 Ajmera Transplant Center, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
8 Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Division of Respirology, Ajmera Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
9 Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Lung Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
10 Division of Respirology, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
11 Peter Munk Cardiac Centre of the University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
12 Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
13 University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
14 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
15 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
16 Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
17 University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Received 27 April 2022. Revision received 23 August 2022.
Accepted 3 September 2022.
The authors declare no funding or conflict of interest.
D.R. receives research support from the Sandra Faire and Ivan Fecan Professorship in Rehabilitation Medicine. H.C. and K.K. receive Merit Award Funding from the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine at the University of Toronto.
H.C.Y., K.K., and H.C. were involved in the writing of the article (original version and several revisions). M.S. and V. K. performed data analysis and writing of the article (original and revisions). K.M., R.K., A.H., D.T., J.F., P.G., N.C., M.K., S.L., D.S.M., K.K., and J.K. were involved in the conceptualization of the study and implementation and reviewed and revised the article. S.K. was involved in the conduct of the study, recruitment, data collection, and data management and reviewed the article. I.M., N.S., D.R., C.C., V.R., M.C., A.G., and S.M. reviewed the article. S.K. was involved in the conduct of the study, recruitment, data collection, and data management and reviewed the article. H.C. oversaw all phases of the study, including conceptualization, data collection, data analyses, and writing of the article. All authors approved the final version of the article.
Correspondence: Hance Clarke, MD, PhD, FRCPC, Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Pain Research Unit, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada. ([email protected]).
