1 Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
2 Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.
3 Division of Hepatology and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL.
4 Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
5 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
6 Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
7 Baylor Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
8 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO.
9 Immune Tolerance Network, San Francisco, CA.
10 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Received 12 May 2020. Revision received 14 November 2020.
Accepted 27 December 2020.
O.S. and K.R.R. reviewed and analyzed the data, developed outline, and wrote article. J.L., S.F., J.P., J.R., G.K., W.J., and A.S. contributed patients and critically reviewed data and article. M.D. and P.S. critically reviewed data and article. B.-L. L. provided statistical analysis. J.D. reviewed pathology and critically reviewed data, and article.
K.R.R. received advisory board from Abbvie, Gilead, Merck, BMS, Spark Therapeutics, Dova, Shionogi, and Mallinckrodt and research grants (paid to the University of Pennsylvania) from Merck, Gilead, Mallinckrodt, BMS, Abbvie, Grifols, Intercept, Conatus, and Exact Sciences. None of these conflict with the current work. S.F. received consulting from BioMarin Pharmaceutical and Research from Novartis. None of these conflict with the current work. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
The work was supported by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Grant/Award Number: UM1AI109565 and UM2AI117870; The Immune Tolerance Network ITN030ST A-WISH trial (NCT00135694). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Supplemental digital content (SDC) is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text, and links to the digital files are provided in the HTML text of this article on the journal’s Web site (www.transplantjournal.com).
Correspondence: K. Rajender Reddy, MD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania, 2 Dulles, 3400 Spruce St, HUP, Philadelphia, PA 19104. ([email protected]).
