In Brief:
In a multicenter Swedish randomized controlled trial, cost-effectiveness of balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) and standard treatment in patients with vertebral compression fractures due to osteoporosis were assessed. BKP was more costly to society after 2 years, with a possible small difference in QALY-gained. Cost/QALY was SEK 884,682 (€ 92,154 and US $134,042), which was considered not cost-effective.