∗Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
†Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
‡Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
§Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
¶Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
||Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
∗∗Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
††Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
‡‡Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kudanzaka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
§§Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
¶¶Department of Orthopedics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
||||Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
∗∗∗Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
†††Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
‡‡‡Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
§§§Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
¶¶¶Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
||||||Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
∗∗∗∗Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
††††Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
‡‡‡‡Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
§§§§Japanese Organization of the Study for Ossification of Spinal Ligament (JOSL), Japan.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Shiro Imagama, MD, PhD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65, Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan; E-mail: [email protected]
Received 26 February, 2018
Revised 5 April, 2018
Accepted 14 April, 2018
S.I. and K.A. have contributed equally to this work.
The device(s)/drug(s) is/are FDA-approved or approved by corresponding national agency for this indication.
Japanese Health Labor Sciences Research Grant (Grant number 040), and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED, Grant number JP15ek0109136) funds were received in support of this work.
No relevant financial activities outside the submitted work.
