IMPLICATIONS OF THE MORPHOLOGIC PATTERNS OF TYPE 1 MACULAR NEOVASCULARIZATION ON MACULAR ATROPHY GROWTH ON PATIENTS UNDER ANTI–VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR TREATMENT

Abstract

Purpose: 

To evaluate the correspondence between macular atrophy (MA) progression and Type 1 macular neovascularization morphology during long-term anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for exudative neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: 

Retrospective review of consecutive patients with complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retina atrophy overlying or in the proximity of macular neovascularization. The assessment of MA was based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography, en-face near infra-red imaging and fundus autofluorescence. Macular neovascularization blood flow morphology was evaluated by swept-source optical coherence tomography-angiography. Qualitative features were categorized per ETDRS sector as: immature, mature; and hypermature pattern. An automatic analysis was designed in MATLAB coding language to compute MA per ETDRS. Measurements were compared between the baseline and the last follow-up visit.

Results: 

Twenty eyes from 20 patients were included; the mean age was 85.4 (8.3) years. The median follow-up was 1.85 (1.0–2.4) years and the median anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injection rate during follow-up was 4.0 (2.0–5.0) injections/year. During follow-up, sectors with persistence of an immature blood flow pattern had a lower MA growth rate than sectors with mature macular neovascularization flow patterns (P = 0.001).

Conclusion: 

The presence of an immature blood flow pattern on optical coherence tomography-angiography is associated with a lower progression rate of MA.

In Brief

A retrospective evaluation of patients with concurrent Type 1 macular neovascularization and macular atrophy during long-term anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment demonstrates that the persistence of an immature blood flow pattern on optical coherence tomography-angiography is associated with a lower progression rate of atrophy.