Department of Anesthesiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond (Drs Nguyen and Kazior); and Departments of Surgery (Dr Fernandez and Ms McNulty) and Anesthesiology (Drs Trainer and Kazior), Central Virginia VA Medical Center, Richmond.
Correspondence: Yvonne Nguyen, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1250 E Marshall St, Richmond, VA 23298 ([email protected]).
Preliminary results were presented as an abstract and poster at Virginia Commonwealth University Annual Resident and Fellow Research Conference 2020 and Anesthesiology and Acute Pain Medicine 19th Annual Pain Medicine Conference 2020.
The authors acknowledge and thank Nastassia Savage, PhD, of Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine for her assistance in figure and image development.
All authors listed above have no disclosures to make or affiliations with any organization with any financial interest or nonfinancial interest in the subject matter discussed in this manuscript.
As per institutional guidelines, this quality improvement study was reviewed by the Central Virginia VA Medical Center IRB board, and it is exempt from IRB review requirements as per the Central Virginia VA Medical Center Office of Research and Development policy as the study is devoid of patient identifiable information. No patient consent was required per institutional policy as this is a quality improvement study.
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0503-8334
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