Preoperative Color Doppler Assessment in Planning of Anterolateral Thigh Flaps

Abstract

The anterolateral thigh flap has many advantages, but it has not yet achieved widespread use because the perforators exhibit considerable anatomical variation and their locations are difficult to predict preoperatively. The authors performed a prospective study to investigate whether acoustic Doppler flowmetry and color Doppler ultrasonography were helpful for preoperative localization of the perforators in anterolateral thigh flaps. Ten patients scheduled for anterolateral thigh flap surgery were examined preoperatively with both acoustic Doppler flowmetry and color Doppler ultrasonography, and all points where the perforators seemed to penetrate the fascia lata were mapped. The actual perforating points were identified intraoperatively and were compared with the preoperatively mapped points. Fifteen perforators were detected in 10 patients. The concordance rate with acoustic Doppler flowmetry was 40 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 15 to 68 percent; p = 0.05). In contrast, the concordance rate with color Doppler ultrasonography was 100 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 81 to 100 percent; p = 0.05). Color Doppler examination was significantly more accurate than acoustic Doppler examination (determined by the binomial test; p < 0.0014). Three-dimensional anatomical information around the perforators was further useful in elevating flaps. The authors conclude that color Doppler examination can accurately identify the perforators and is useful for planning in anterolateral thigh flap surgery, whereas acoustic Doppler examination is unreliable.