From the *Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
†Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
‡Department of Pediatrics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont
§Vermont-Oxford Network, Burlington, Vermont
¶Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
‖Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Accepted for publication September 19, 2022
S.A.C. reports receiving research funding from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (T32HL007891). E.M.E. reports receiving salary support from Vermont Oxford Network. D.D.F. reports receiving research funding from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (K08HS027468), from 2 contracts with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and from the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. J.D.H. is the President, Chief Executive and Chief Scientific Officer of Vermont Oxford Network and is an unpaid member of the Vermont Oxford Network (VON) Board of Trustees. K.M.P. reports receiving research funding from the National Institutes of Health, from 2 contracts with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and from the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. J.S.G. has no conflicts of interest to declare relevant to this study.
S.A.C. contributed to study design and interpretation of results, drafted the initial manuscript, and reviewed and revised the final article. E.M.E. contributed to study design, data verification, interpretation of results, performed statistical analyses, and critically reviewed the article. D.D.F., J.D.H. and K.M.P contributed to study design, interpretation of results, and critically reviewed the article. JSG contributed to interpretation of results and critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors approved the final article as submitted.
The dataset analyzed during the current study derives from the Vermont Oxford Network database and is not publicly available.
Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal’s website (www.pidj.com).
Address for correspondence: Sarah A. Coggins, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Neonatology (2 Main NW), 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia PA, 19104. E-mail: [email protected]
