PCCM Notes, Methods, and StatisticsStatistical Note: Confounding and Causality in Observational StudiesHorvat, Christopher MD, MHA Author Information Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA Dr. Horvat has disclosed that he has no potential conflicts of interest. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 22(5):p 496-498, May 2021. | DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000002702 Buy Metrics Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies