Use of a feeding protocol to improve nutritional support through early, aggressive, enteral nutrition in the pediatric intensive care unit*

Abstract

Objective: 

To evaluate the effects of instituting a feeding protocol with inclusive bowel regimen on tolerance and time to accomplish goal feeding in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Design: 

Retrospective comparison chart review before and after the initiation of a feeding protocol.

Patients: 

A total of 91 patients in the year 2000, before the initiation of the protocol, who received nasogastric feedings and 93 patients in year 2002 after the protocol was initiated.

Measures and Main Results: 

Patients were selected for review if they received nasogastric tube feedings while in the pediatric intensive care unit. The data were reviewed from time of admission in the pediatric intensive care unit through 7 days of goal feedings or discharge from the pediatric intensive care unit. Data examined included: days in the pediatric intensive care unit and hospital, time to goal feedings, concomitant use of cardiovascular medications, sedation, analgesia, episodes of feedings held, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. The protocol group achieved goal nutrition in an average of 18.5 hrs and a median of 14 hrs. The retrospective group achieved goal feedings at an average of 57.8 hrs and a median of 32 hrs (p < .0001). Also noted were a reduction in the percentage of patients vomiting from 20% to 11% and a reduction in constipation from 51% to 33%.

Conclusion: 

This comparison study suggests that the institution of a feeding protocol will not only achieve goal feedings at a substantially reduced time but also improve tolerance of enteral feedings in patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit.