Carole A. Estabrooks, PhD, RN, is Associate Professor and Principal Investigator, Knowledge Utilization Studies Program, Faculty of Nursing; and Academic Codirector, Centre for Knowledge Transfer
William K. Midodzi, MSc, is a PhD student, Department of Public Health Sciences, and Data Analyst, Knowledge Utilization Studies Program
Greta G. Cummings, PhD, RN, is Assistant Professor, Faculty of Nursing
Kathryn L. Ricker, MSc, is a PhD candidate, Centre for Research in Applied Measurement and Evaluation, Department of Educational Psychology
Phyllis Giovannetti, ScD, RN, is Professor Emerita, Faculty of Nursing; University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Corresponding author: Carole A. Estabrooks, PhD, RN, Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing, 3rd Floor Clinical Science Bldg, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G2G3 (e-mail: [email protected]).
This research was funded by the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research (AHFMR) and was carried out under the direction of Dr. Phyllis Giovannetti, ScD, RN, Principal Investigator. Dr Estabrooks's work is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).
The authors thank Doug Lier, Alberta Cancer Board, and Charles K. Humphrey, Director, University of Alberta Data Library, for their contributions to this study. They also thank Dr. J. Ivan (Jack) Williams, consultant in health service research & epidemiology, and Anastasia A. Mallidou, Faculty of Nursing, for thoughtful reviews on an earlier version of this manuscript. These data were collected as part of the International Study of Hospital and Patient Outcomes (NIH grant RO1 NRO4513, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health), Dr Linda H. Aiken, University of Pennsylvania, Principal Investigator.
Accepted August 25, 2004.
