Kesheng Wang, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown.
Chun Xu, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville.
Laurie A. Theeke, PhD, RN, is Professor and Associate Dean, The George Washington University School of Nursing, VSTC, Ashburn, Virginia.
Danqing Xiao, PhD, RT, is Associate Professor, Department of STEM, School of Arts and Sciences, Regis College, Weston, Massachusetts, and Neuroimaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.
Xingguang Luo, PhD, MD, is Scientist, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Changchun Xie, PhD, is Professor, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Ohio.
Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.
Accepted for publication July 2, 2022.
Data from this article’s preparation were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (adni.loni.usc.edu). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and/or provided data but did not participate in the analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing of ADNI investigators can be found at http://adni.loni.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/how_to_apply/ADNI_Acknowledgement_List.pdf
This study is secondary data analysis. The original study and ADNI were funded by the ADNI, the National Institutes of Health (Grant U01 AG024904), and the Department of Defense ADNI (Award No. W81XWH-12-2-0012). ADNI is funded by the National Institute on Aging, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, and through generous contributions from the following: AbbVie, Alzheimer’s Association; Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation; Araclon Biotech; BioClinica, Inc.; Biogen; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; CereSpir, Inc.; Cogstate; Eisai, Inc.; Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; EuroImmun; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. and its affiliated company Genentech, Inc.; Fujirebio; GE Healthcare; IXICO Ltd.; Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research & Development, LLC; Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC; Lumosity; Lundbeck; Merck & Co., Inc.; Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC; NeuroRx Research; Neurotrack Technologies; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Pfizer, Inc.; Piramal Imaging; Servier; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company; and Transition Therapeutics. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research is providing funds to support ADNI clinical sites in Canada. Private sector contributions are facilitated by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (www.fnih.org). The grantee organization is the Northern California Institute for Research and Education, and the study is coordinated by the Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research Institute at the University of Southern California. ADNI data are disseminated by the Laboratory for Neuro Imaging at the University of Southern California.
This multicentered research project was approved by institutional review boards at each site, and authorized written informed consent from participants were obtained (http://adni.loni.usc.edu/). There was an institutional review board exemption for current secondary data analysis.
The authors have no conflict of interest to report.
Corresponding author: Kesheng Wang, PhD, Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9600, Morgantown, WV 26506 (e-mail: [email protected]).
