Gaorong Lv, BS, RN, is PhD Student, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.
Di Zhao, MS, RN, is PhD Student, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.
Guopeng Li, MS, RN, is PhD Student, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.
Qing Wang, BS, RN, is Graduate Student, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.
Miao Zhou, BS, RN, is Graduate Student, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.
Yiming Gao, BS, RN, is Graduate Student, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.
Xiangyu Zhao, BS, RN, is Graduate Student, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.
Ping Li, PhD, RN, is Professor, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.
Accepted for publication April 9, 2022.
The authors would like to thank all the patients for their participation.
The National Natural Science Foundation of China funded this study (Grant No. 81773296). The ethics committee approved this study of Shandong University (2017-R-020).
The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.
Corresponding author: Ping Li, PhD, RN, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China (e-mail: [email protected]).
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