Mary Fran Tracy, PhD, RN, APRN, CNS, FCNS, FAAN, is Nurse Scientist, Fairview Health Services, and an Associate Professor, School of Nursing, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis.
Carol Manchester, MSN, RN, ACNS-BC, BC-ADM, CDE, is Diabetes Clinical Nurse Specialist, Fairview Health Services, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis.
Michelle A. Mathiason, MS, is Statistician, University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis.
Jeff Wood, BA, is Senior Data Analyst, Fairview Health Services, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis.
Amy Moore, MS, RN, AGCNS-BC, CDE, CDTC, is Diabetes Clinical Nurse Specialist, Fairview Health Services, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis.
Mary Fran Tracy is now Associate Professor, University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis.
The authors would like to acknowledge the nursing staff at the University of Minnesota Medical Center who provide quality care for these patients and Tatiana Ditta, Data Analyst, Fairview Health Services, University of Minnesota Medical Center.
Funding for biostatistical support was provided by the University of Minnesota Medical Center, Department of Nursing, Fairview Health Services.
Study approval was received from the University of Minnesota Institutional Review Board. Data were extracted only from charts of patients who had agreed to have their information used for the purposes of research.
The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.
Corresponding author: Mary Fran Tracy, PhD, RN, APRN, CNS, FCNS, FAAN, University of Minnesota School of Nursing, 5–140 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (e-mail: [email protected]).
