Utilization and impact of immunotherapy in stage IV melanoma using the National Cancer Database

Abstract

To evaluate factors affecting the utilization of immunotherapy and to stratify results based on the approval of ipilimumab in 2011 and PD-1 inhibitors in 2014, an analysis of available data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) was performed. Stage IV melanoma patients were identified. Effects of immunotherapy on overall survival (OS) were assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 19 233 patients were analyzed and 1998 received immunotherapy. Between 2011 and 2013, and in 2014, 18.6 and 28.9% of patients received immunotherapy, respectively. Patients who received immunotherapy from 2011 to 2013 had a 33% (95% CI, 30–35%) 3-year OS compared to 23% (95% CI, 21–24%). In 2014, 3-year OS was 37% (95% CI, 32–43%) for those who received immunotherapy compared to 22% (95% CI, 18–26%) for those who did not (P < 0.0001). This is the first analysis of a large cancer database for melanoma patients with stratification based on utilization and availability of immunotherapy. Immunotherapy increased yearly and improved OS. With combination immunotherapy now more widely employed, it is expected these results will continue to improve. This is the first analysis of a large cancer database for melanoma patients with stratification based on utilization and availability of immunotherapy demonstrating that immunotherapy increased yearly and improved OS.