^*Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK

^†Division of General Internal Medicine, Health Services Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA

^‡Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA

^§Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA

^∥Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

^¶Patient Centers Research Institute, Washington, DC

^#Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA

Supported jointly by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI).

The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor of the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Correspondence to: Edward W. Gregg, PhD, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Medical School Building, St Mary’s Hospital, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK. E-mail: [email protected].