Department of Health Policy and Management, Center for Population Health Information Technology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD

This manuscript has been prepared by faculty and staff at The Johns Hopkins University (JHU). The manuscript also references the Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACG) system. JHU holds the copyright to the ACG System and receives royalties from the global distribution of the ACG system. The authors are members of a group of researchers who develop and maintain the ACG System with support from JHU. The authors declare no conflict of interest.