*Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC
†Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
‡Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
W.P.W and A.P.S are cofirst authors.
Parts of this work were presented at the Organization Theory in Health Care Association Annual Conference in June 2017 in Berkeley, CA and at the American Society of Health Economists Biennial Conference in June 2018 in Atlanta, GA.
Data were available through a data use agreement (#21990) between the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). All data analysis was conducted by United States Government employees in the APSE, DHHS. A.P.S.: was an analyst in that office at the time of work.
The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the positions of the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Johns Hopkins University, or the University of California at San Francisco.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Reprints: Aditi P. Sen, PhD, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House 454, Baltimore, MD 21205. E-mail: [email protected].
