From the *Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; †Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; ‡The CRISMA (Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness) Laboratory, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; §Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; and ¶Department of Economics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Supported by NIH grant K08 AG021921 (Barnato PI), with additional support from P01 AG019783 (Skinner PI) and 1UL1 RR024153 (Reis PI).
The authors conducted the analysis under a data use agreement with the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council (PHC4). The following statement is provided and required by the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council (PHC4): PHC4 has provided this data in an effort to further PHC4's mission of educating the public and containing health care costs in Pennsylvania. PHC4, its agents and staff, have made no representation, guarantee, or warranty, expressed or implied, that the data—financial, patient, payor and physician specific information—are error-free, or that the use of the data will avoid differences of opinion or interpretation, or disputes with those who use published reports or purchased data. PHC4, its agents and staff, will bear no responsibility or liability for the results of the analysis, or consequences of its use.
Reprints: Amber E. Barnato, MD, MPH, MS, Center for Research on Health Care, 200 Meyran Avenue, Suite 200, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. E-mail: [email protected].
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