From the Department of Pediatric Surgery (J.I.G.), Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; University of Washington (J.P.), Seattle, Washington; Coalition for National Trauma Research (M.A.P., P.J.B.), San Antonio, Texas; Pediatric Surgery (P.F.E.), University of Michigan Injury Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Division of Emergency Trauma and Burn Surgery (R.S.B.), Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC; Department of Surgery (A.R.J.), University of California San Francisco/Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, California; Department of Epidemiology (F.P.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (E.A.S.), Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; and Trauma Surgery & Surgical Critical Care (E.M.B.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Submitted: January 31, 2022, Revised: February 24, 2022, Accepted: March 2, 2022, Published online: March 14, 2022.
Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text, and links to the digital files are provided in the HTML text of this article on the journal’s Web site (www.jtrauma.com).
Address for reprints: Jonathan I. Groner, MD, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43205; email: [email protected].
