From the Department of Surgery (D.J.G.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; US Army Institute of Surgical Research (J.M.G.); Defense Committee on Trauma; Joint Trauma System (J.M.G.), San Antonio, Texas; West Virginia University (L.P.), Morgantown, West Virginia; and University of California San Francisco (M.M.K.), San Francisco, California, Uniformed Services University for the Health Sciences (M.M.K.), Bethesda, Maryland, Military Health System Strategic Partnership (M.M.K.), American College of Surgeons, Chicago, Illinois.
Submitted: January 30, 2022, Revised: March 22, 2022, Accepted: May 9, 2022, Published online: May 18, 2022.
This study was presented at the Military Health System Strategic Partnership with the American College of Surgeons Anniversary Meeting, November 18, 2021, in Washington, DC.
Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text, and links to the digital files are provided in the HTML text of this article on the journal’s Web site (www.jtrauma.com).
Address for reprints: Daniel J. Grabo, MD, FACS, Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Health Sciences Center South, 64 Medical Center Dr, Surgery Admin Suite 7700, Box 9238, Morgantown, WV 26506; email: [email protected].