From the Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine (T.W.C.), San Diego, CA; Division of Trauma, Acute Care Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine (J.M.G.), Sacramento, CA; Coalition for National Trauma Research, (M.A.B.), San Antonio, TX; Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington (J.P.), Seattle, WA; Coalition for National Trauma Research, (M.A.P.), San Antonio, TX; Division of General Surgery, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine (J.C.), San Francisco, CA; Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine (L.N.G.); San Diego, CA; Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine (J.B.H.); Birmingham, AL; Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine (R.C.); Riverside, CA; and Division of Trauma, Burn and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine (E.M.B.); Seattle, WA.
Submitted: January 26, 2022, Revised: March 28, 2022, Accepted: March 30, 2022, Published online: April 21, 2022.
Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text, and links to the digital files are provided in the HTML text of this article on the journal’s Web site (www.jtrauma.com).
Address for reprints: Todd W. Costantini, MD, FACS, Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 200 W Arbor Dr 8896, San Diego, CA 92103; email: [email protected].