From the Division of Trauma (L.K., J.S.), Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego; Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Research Center (R.C.), Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Riverside, California; Vascular and Trauma Surgery (A.M.O.G. Jr.), Universidade Federal do Pará/Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Department of War Surgery (V.R.), Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Department of Surgery (E.E.M.), Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Division Chief Trauma and Acute Care Surgery (J.M.G.), Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates; Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery (A.B.P.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania; Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery (C.A.O.), Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Department of Surgery (R.V.M.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Surgery (S.D.S.), University Hospital of Varese, University of Insubria, Italy; Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery (R.I.), Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia; Unit of Digestive and HPB Surgery (N.D.A.), CARE Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital (AP-HP) and Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Est, UPEC, Creteil, France; R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center (T.S.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland; Emergency Surgery Department (F.C.), Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy; Department of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine (A.K.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Emergency Surgery (V.K.), City Hospital, Mozyr, Belarus; Departments of Surgery and Medicine (N.P.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Trauma Services (I.C.), Auckland City Hospital, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Abdominal Center, Department of Surgery (A.L., M.S.), University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Digestive Surgery (M. Chirica), Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France; 3rd Department of Surgery (E.P.), Attikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Division of Trauma/Acute Care Surgery and Surgical Critical Care (G.P.F.), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; General, Emergency Surgery, and Trauma Center (M. Chiarugi), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of General and Upper GI Surgery (D.D.), Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico Chirurgiche (E.C.), Diagnostiche e Pediatriche, University of Pavia, Pavia; General and Emergency Surgery Department (M. Ceresoli), School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy; Service de Chirurgie Generale, Digestive, Metabolique Centre Hospitalier de Poissy (B.D.S.), St Germain en Laye, France; Departamento de Cirugía (F.V.-R.), Hospital Angeles Lomas, Curso Universitario Posgrado de Cirugía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico; Department of Surgery (M.S.), Macerata Hospital (ASUR Marche), Macerata, Italy; Trauma Surgery Department (W.B.), Scripps Memorial Hospital, La Jolla, California; General Surgery Department (L.A.), Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy; and Trauma Service, Department of General Surgery (D.G.W.), Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Submitted: September 18, 2020, Revised: September 22, 2020, Accepted: September 24, 2020, Published online: October 1, 2020.
Address for reprints: Raul Coimbra, MD, PhD, FACS, Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Research Center, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 26520 Cactus Ave, Moreno Valley, CA 92555; email: [email protected].
