From the Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.P.H.-E., S.S.A.R., A.T., A.H.H.), Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery (T.D.-C.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Milwaukee; Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery (K.B.), Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Trauma, Burn and Surgical Critical Care (D.N., A.S.), Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Trauma and Critical Care Surgery (G.K.), Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; and Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care (G.V.), Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Submitted: May 24, 2019, Revised: August 2, 2019, Accepted: August 5, 2019, Published online: October 14, 2019.
Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text, and links to the digital files are provided in the HTML text of this article on the journal’s Web site (www.jtrauma.com).
Address for reprints: Juan P. Herrera-Escobar, MD, MPH, Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1620 Tremont St, Suite 4-020, Boston, MA 02120; email: [email protected].