From the Department of Surgery (V.P.A., J.B., M.N., R.F., B.Z., J.S.), Department of Emergency Medicine (F.X.G.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery (B.D.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville; Department of Surgery (R.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville (B.H.), Kentucky; Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center (J.C.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; and Department of Surgery (H.P.), University of Texas Southwestern, Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, Texas.
Submitted: August 21, 2019, Revised: October 3, 2019, Accepted: October 16, 2019, Published online: October 31, 2019.
Presented as a quick shot presentation at the 78th annual meeting of the American Association For the Surgery of Trauma & Clinical Congress of Acute Care Surgery, September 18-21, 2019, Dallas, TX.
Address for reprints: Jason L. Sperry MD, MPH, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop St. Pittsburgh, PA 15213; email: [email protected].
