Los Angeles County and University of Southern California Trauma Center (D.D., J.A.M., L.C., G.C.V.), Los Angeles, and University of California Davis Medical Center (D.H.W.), Davis, California, University Hospital Del Valle (C.O.), Cali, and El Tunal Hospital (N.M.), Bogota, Colombia, University of Witwatersrand (D.B.) and Baragwanath Hospital (C.H.), Johannesburg, South Africa, Cook County Hospital (K.K.N.) and Loyola University Medical Center (K.A.D.), Chicago, Illinois, The Johns Hopkins Hospital (E.E.C.) and R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center (A.R.), Baltimore, Maryland, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center (C.W.S.), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Harborview Medical Center (C.C.), Seattle, Washington, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center (N.N.), Miami, Florida, Medical College of Virginia Hospital (R.R.I.), Richmond, Virginia, Denver Health Medical Center (E.E.M.), Denver, Colorado, Washington Hospital (J.A.A.), Washington, DC, Carraway Methodist Medical Center (K.I.M.), Birmingham, Alabama, Carolinas Medical Center (M.H.T.), Charlotte, North Carolina, and University of Louisville Medical Center (D.A.S.), Louisville, Kentucky.
Submitted for publication October 16, 2000.
Accepted for publication January 25, 2001.
Presented at the 60th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, October 11–15, 2000, San Antonio, Texas.
Address for reprints: D. Demetriades, MD, PhD, FACS, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, LAC+USC Medical Center, 1200 North State Street, Room 1105, Los Angeles, CA 90033; email: demetria@hsc.usc.edu.
