^*Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

^†The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University

^‡Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA

A.M.S. reports the following financial activities outside the submitted work: current grant with Orthopaedic Trauma Association. J.N.G. reports the following financial activities outside the submitted work: current consultancy with Vertex, Bioventus, ISTO technologies, Medtronic, Stryker; past consultancy with Afferngy, Alphatec, Depuy, Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Powered Research, KCl, Transgenomic; ongoing expert testimony with legal case reviews; current grant with Orthopaedic Trauma Association; past grant with Smith and Nephew. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.

Reprints: Jonathan N. Grauer, MD, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, 800 Howard Ave., New Haven, CT 06510 (e-mail: [email protected]).

Received July 20, 2015

Accepted October 7, 2015