*École de psychoéducation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada;
†CHU Sainte-Justine Pediatric Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada;
‡School Environment Research Group, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada;
§Department of Preschool and Elementary School Education, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada;
‖University of Johannesburg, Department of Childhood Education, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Address for reprints: Linda S. Pagani, PhD, École de Psychoéducation, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128, Montreal H3C 3J7, Quebec, Canada; e-mail: [email protected].
Disclosure: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Web site (www.jdbp.org).
L. S. Pagani contributed to the overall conception and design, acquisition of data, data analytic strategy, interpretation of findings, and critical revisions of the different drafts for important intellectual content. J. Bernard contributed to the conception and design, data analytic strategy, analysis and interpretation of data, and the production of the multiple drafts of the manuscript. C. Fitzpatrick contributed to the conception and design, data analytic strategy, and critical revisions of the different drafts for important intellectual content. All authors provided final approval of the version submitted for publication. All authors have had full access to all data in the study and take responsibility for its integrity and the accuracy of its analysis.
This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Montreal (CEREP-20-156-D). Parental informed written consent was obtained for each data collection wave. During the school-age phase, teachers and children also gave written informed consent.
The authors acknowledge the sponsors funding the public data set. The Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development was made possible thanks to the funding provided by the Fondation Lucie et André Chagnon, the Institut de la Statistique du Québec, the Ministère de l’Éducation et de l’Enseignement supérieur (MÉES), the Ministère de la Famille (MF), the Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), the Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, the Ministère du Travail, de l’Emploi et de la Solidarité sociale (MTESS), and the Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux du Québec (MSSS). Source: Data compiled from the final master file “E1-E22” from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (1998–2019), ©Gouvernement du Québec, Institut de la statistique du Québec. The above funding sources did not have any involvement in (1) study design; (2) collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; (3) writing the manuscript; and (4) decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
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