Departments of Emergency Medicine (Drs Mello, Zonfrillo, and Baird and Ms Bromberg), Psychiatry and Human Behavior (Dr Spirito), and Surgery (Dr Wills), Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Departments of Health Services, Policy and Practice (Dr Mello) and Behavioral and Social Sciences (Drs Becker and Scott), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island; Injury Prevention Center of Rhode Island Hospital-Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (Drs Mello, Wills, Zonfrillo, and Baird and Mss Bromberg and Nimaja); Dell Children's Trauma and Injury Research Center, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, Texas (Dr Barczyk); Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Lee); Division of Pediatrics, Intermountain Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (Dr Pruitt); Department of Pediatrics, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington (Dr Ebel); Department of Pediatrics, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Dr Kiragu); Department of Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland (Dr Nasr); Department of Pediatric Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts (Dr Aidlen); and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (Dr Maxson).
Correspondence: Michael J. Mello, MD, MPH, Injury Prevention Center, Rhode Island Hospital, 55 Claverick Street, 2nd Floor, Providence, RI 02903 ([email protected]).
This research is supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) of the National Institutes of Health under award number R01AA025914.
The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The NIAAA had no direct role in the study design and analysis plan and will not have a role in interpretation of data or its presentation in the article.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
