Increasing Cervical Cancer Screening in Underserved Populations

Increasing Cervical Cancer Screening in Underserved Populations

TEST INSTRUCTIONS

• Read the article. The test for this CE activity can be taken online at www.NursingCenter.com/CE/CNJ. Find the test under the article title. Tests can no longer be mailed or faxed. You will need to create a username and password and login to your free personal CE Planner account before taking online tests. Your planner will keep track of all your Lippincott Williams & Wilkins online CE activities for you.
• There is only one correct answer for each question. A passing score for this test is 18 correct answers. If you pass, you can print your certificate of earned contact hours and access the answer key. If you fail, you have the option of taking the test again at no additional cost.
• This CE test also is available for viewing at www.journalofchristiannursing.com in the table of contents for this issue under .
• Visit www.nursingcenter.com for other CE activities and your personalized CE planner tool.
• For questions contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 1-800-787-8985.

Registration Deadline: September 30, 2019

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT:

The authors and planners have disclosed that they have no financial relationships related to this article.

PROVIDER ACCREDITATION

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, publisher of Journal of Christian Nursing, will award 1.5 contact hours for this continuing nursing education activity.

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation.

This activity also is provider approved by the California Board of Registered Nursing, Provider Number CEP 11749 for 1.5 contact hours. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins also is an approved provider of continuing nursing education by the District of Columbia, Georgia, and Florida, CE Broker #50-1223. Your certificate is valid in all states.

PAYMENT AND DISCOUNTS:

• The registration fee for this test is $17.95 for nonmembers; $12.95 for NCF members.

For additional continuing education articles related to women's health, go to http://www.nursingcenter.com/lnc/CEConnection and search “women's health.”

JCN continuing education offers a distinct blend of clinical and professional content with an underlying spiritual emphasis.

CE TEST QUESTIONS

General Purpose Statement

To provide information about cultural aspects of cervical cancer screening and prevention.

Learning Objectives/Outcomes After completing this continuing education activity, you should be able to:

1. Identify the pathophysiology, causes, and risk factors for cervical cancer, along with current cervical cancer screening and prevention recommendations.
2. Describe cultural impacts on cervical cancer screening.
3. Discuss methods for improving cervical cancer screening in underserved populations.

1. The number one risk factor for cervical cancer is
1. diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure.
2. sexual activity at an early age.
3. human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
2. Other risk factors for cervical cancer include
1. circumcision.
2. exposure to cigarette smoke.
3. low parity.
3. Soccio et al. (2015) found a significantly higher incidence of risk factors for cervical cancer and abnormal Pap smears among
1. multiparous women.
2. college students.
3. women with drug and alcohol addiction.
4. Which scripture teaches about the social, cultural, spiritual, and religious aspects of women's health and the power of faith and Jesus' healing?
1. Leviticus 15:28-30
2. Mark 5:34
3. Genesis 3:16
5. In 2013 in the U.S., which women were more likely to die of cervical cancer than any other group?
1. African-American
2. Hispanic
3. Asian/Pacific Islander
6. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for cervical cancer with cytology for women ages 21 to 65 every
1. year.
2. three years.
3. five years.
7. A Pap smear assesses for
1. presence of HPV.
2. abnormal cervical cell changes.
3. both cell changes and viral presence.
8. The preferred way to find early cervical cancers or pre-cancer in women aged 30 and older is to use
1. HPV testing alone.
2. annual pap smears.
3. co-testing.
9. The HPV vaccine is effective in preventing HPV infections in
1. female and males ages 9 to 26 years.
2. females and males ages 12 years and older.
3. females only ages 9 to 18.
10. As of October 2016, the HPV vaccine recommendation for children 11 to 12 years old is administration of
1. one dose total, before age 13.
2. two doses at least six months apart.
3. three doses at least two months apart.
11. Women who receive the HPV vaccination
1. require less frequent screening for cervical cancer.
2. no longer have to be screened for cervical cancer.
3. should continue to be screened for cervical cancer.
12. Ackerson (2010) found that, for African American (AA) women, Pap testing was influenced by
1. community infrastructure.
2. socioeconomic status.
3. mistrust of the healthcare system.
13. AA women who routinely received Pap testing were influenced on the importance of routine care by their
1. friends.
2. mothers.
3. spouses/ significant others.
14. For Asian/Pacific Islander women, the strongest predictor for Pap testing was
1. advanced level of education.
2. physician recommendation.
3. access to female practitioners.
15. Menard et al. (2010) found a delay in Pap testing among Hispanic women related to their
1. lack of health insurance.
2. use of folk healers.
3. fear of illness and treatment.
16. Who did Gregg, Centurion, et al. (2011) and Menard et al. (2010) find to be highly influential in Mexican women's female hygiene and cervical cancer screening practices?
1. male partners
2. mothers
3. physicians
17. In addition to cultural reluctance to access Western medicine for non-acute health problems, one commonly cited barrier to cancer screening by American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women is
1. an underfunded health system.
2. a lack of education.
3. embarrassment.
18. What program did the American Indian Cancer Foundation create to help educate and de-stigmatize cervical cancer for AI/AN women?
1. Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program
2. Cancer Health Services
3. Cervical Cancer Awareness Month social media toolkit
19. Vanderpool et al. (2014) found that barriers to cervical cancer screening among Appalachian Kentucky women could be alleviated using
1. faith community nurse visits.
2. local health fairs.
3. self-testing for HPV.
20. According to Tanner (2006), good clinical judgments in nursing practice require an understanding of the client's definition of wellness and illness and their
1. coping resources.
2. family dynamics.
3. personal history.
21. Tanner (2006) also found that clinical judgment is more influenced by
1. the objective data about the situation.
2. what the client brings to the situation.
3. what the nurse brings to the situation.
22. Under the Affordable Care Act, insurance providers are required to cover all of the following except
1. one well woman visit per year at no cost to the patient.
2. some screenings and types of counseling.
3. cancer treatments at no cost to the patient.
23. Most precancerous and cancerous cervical cell changes arise in the
1. squamous cells at the outer aspect of the cervix.
2. glandular cells along the inner canal.
3. squamo-columnar junction.
24. In early stages, cervical cancer symptoms may include
1. painful intercourse.
2. abdominal bloating.
3. soreness and itching.
25. Endocervical curettage, colposcopy, and cervical biopsy are all tools used primarily for cervical cancer
1. screening.
2. diagnosis.
3. treatment.