Marsha D. Fowler, PhD, MDiv, MS, RN, FAAN, FRSA, is Professor of Ethics and Spirituality, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA. She is past chair of the ANA Ethics Committee and member of the expert panel on ethics, American Academy of Nursing. Dr. Fowler served as Historian and Code Scholar, and co-lead writer for the revision of the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements, 2015. She authored Guide to the Code of Ethics: Development, Interpretation, and Application (ANA, 2015), and edited Religion, Religious Ethics and Nursing (Springer, 2011).

The author declares no conflict of interest.