From the Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA (KAH, GK, AJL, SMM, JR, MGM); Program of Excellence in Addictions Research, Washington State University, Spokane, WA (KAH, GK, AJL, SMM, JR, MGM); School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (AJL); Center on Alcohol, Substance Use and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (JH); Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (JH); Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, AK (KJ, JS); University of Montana, Missoula, MT (KJ); and Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Spokane, WA (SMM, DB, MGM).
Received for publication May 11, 2022; accepted July 17, 2022.
Supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and the Office of Behavioral and Social Science Research at the National Institutes of Health (R01 AA022070, PIs: McDonell, Buchwald). The dissemination of study results was also supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (P60 AA024334, PI: Buchwald; K01 AA028831-01, PI: Hirchak; T32 AA018108, PI: Witkiewitz). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The views expressed do not necessarily represent the views of any participating Tribe or partnering organization.
Dr. McDonell has received funding from a Tribally-owned for-profit medical clinic to evaluate clinic outcomes. This Tribe and clinic were not involved in the current study. Dr. McPherson has received research funding from the Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation, Ringful Health, Managed Health Connections, the Orthopedic Specialty Institute, and the US Department of Justice and has consulted for Consistent Care. This funding is in no way related to the investigation reported here. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02174315.
Send correspondence to Michael G. McDonell, PhD, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, PO Box 1495, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210-1495. E-mail: [email protected].
