Informatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences (IDEAS) Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT (ALJ, AJG), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (ALJ, ADG), Office of Healthcare Transformation and Innovation, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA (LG), Center of Excellence, Interprofessional Academic Homeless Patient Aligned Care Team (HPACT), VA Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (LG), Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA (LG), Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA (LG) Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL (AJd, ALV, KRR, SGK), University of Birmingham at Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL (ALV, KRR, SGK).
Send correspondence to Audrey L. Jones, PhD, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences (IDEAS) Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, 500 Foothill Drive, MC151 Research, Salt Lake City, UT 84148. E-mail: [email protected].
Received 6 May, 2020
Accepted 8 November, 2020
Supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Services Research and Development (IIR 15–095); the VA, Veterans Health Administration, National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans; and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number UL1TR002538 and KL2TR002539. Dr. Varley reported receiving income from Heart Rhythm Clinical Research Solutions. Dr. Kertesz and Dr. Gordon reported receiving personal fees from UpToDate, the California Society of Addiction Medicine, the Howard Center, the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and Ascension/St. Vincent's Health System; owning stock in CVS Health, Thermo Fisher Scientific, and Zimmer Biomet; and that his spouse privately owns stock in Abbott, Merck and Co, and Johnson & Johnson. No other disclosures were reported. The authors thank Ms. April Hoge (VA Birmingham Medical Center) and Dr. Young-il Kim (University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine) for project assistance, data management, and statistical guidance. The supporting organizations had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs, the National Institutes of Health, or the United States government.
Audrey L. Jones ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1533-7469; Adam J. Gordon ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2453-8871; Stefan G. Kertesz ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6101-8421.
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
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