Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (RLG, JP, FS, RMM, ZFM); Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (EA, ZFM); Penn Medicine Center for Digital Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (RMM).
Send correspondence to Rachel L. Graves, MD, Center for Emergency Care Research Policy, Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. E-mail: [email protected]
Received 13 November, 2017
Accepted 21 November, 2018
This project was supported in part by the University of Pennsylvania Department of Emergency Medicine Center for Emergency Care Policy Research (CECPR) and by the Center for Health Economics of Treatment Interventions for Substance Use Disorders, HCV, and HIV (CHERISH), a National Institute of Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, NIDA P30DA04050.
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The authors report no conflicts of interest.