From the Departments of Clinical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences (Cobianchi, Ansaloni), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture (Marseglia), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, General Surgery, Pavia, Italy (Cobianchi, Ansaloni)
Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire IHU, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (Verde, Mascagni, Garcia Vazquez, Gallix, Padoy)
Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL (Loftus)
Department of Neurosurgery, ASUFC Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy (Piccolo)
Nucleode Srl, Gorizia, Italy (Piccolo)
Department of Management, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy (Dal Mas, Massaro)
Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy (Mascagni)
Department of Radiology, McGill University & Health Centre, Quebec, Canada (Gallix)
Department of Surgery and MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (Angelos)
Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Kaafarani)
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Kaafarani).
Received November 10, 2021; Revised December 16, 2021; Accepted March 2, 2022.
Disclosure Information: Nothing to disclose.
Disclosures outside the scope of this work: Dr Padoy is a paid consultant to Caresyntax and receives research funding (PhD fellowship) from Intuitive Surgical.
Drs Cobianchi and Verde contributed equally to this work.
Support: This work was supported by French state funds managed within the “Plan Investissements d’Avenir.” Drs Verde, Mascagni, Vazquez, Gallix, and Padoy are supported by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) grant ANR-10-IAHU-02. Dr Loftus was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (award K23 GM140268). Dr Padoy is supported by ANR grant ANR EU H2020 BPI.
Disclaimer: The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Correspondence address: Haytham M Kaafarani, MD, Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge St, Ste 810, Boston, MA 02114. email: [email protected]
