From the Center for Advanced Surgery (Leeds, Ward) Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas, TX
Research Institute (Bittle, Ogola) Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas, TX
Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (Leeds, Rasmussen, Ward)
Department of Surgery, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, TX (Leeds, Ward, Chin).
Received January 10, 2022; Revised February 25, 2022; Accepted March 15, 2022.
CME questions for this article available at http://jacscme.facs.org
Disclosure Information: Authors have nothing to disclose. Timothy J Eberlein, Editor-in-Chief, has nothing to disclose. Ronald J Weigel, CME Editor, has nothing to disclose.
Disclosures outside the scope of this work: Dr Leeds is a paid consultant to Ethicon and Boston Scientific. Dr Ward is a paid consultant to Boston Scientific. The other authors have nothing to disclose.
Presented at the Western Surgical Association 129th Scientific Session, Indian Wells, CA, November 2021.
A discussion of this article is available at https://links.lww.com/JACS/A68.
Correspondence address: Steven G. Leeds, MD, FACS, 3417 Gaston Ave, Suite 965 Dallas, TX 75246. email: [email protected]