From the Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (Gerull, Awad, Wellen)
Perioperative Services, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St Louis, MO (Pierce, Mody, Martin).
Received October 15, 2021; Revised December 12, 2021; Accepted December 13, 2021.
Disclosure Information: Dr Awad’s institute receives educational grants for its simulation center from Applied Medical, Baxter, Bard, Ethicon, Intuitive Surgical, Medtronic, and Stryker.
Disclosures outside the scope of this work: Dr Awad is a paid consultant to Ethicon and Intuitive Surgical. Other authors have nothing to disclose.
Correspondence address: William D Gerull, MD, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8109, St Louis, MO 63110. email: [email protected]