^*Department of Regenerative Medicine and Extremity Trauma, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, TX

^†Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Imperial College London, London, England

^‡San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX

^§University of Maryland, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD

^‖Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

^¶US Army Office of the Surgeon General, Falls Church, VA

^**US Medical Liaison to the British Army, US Army Surgeon General Consultant for Operational Medicine, RMA Sandhurst, UK; and

^††Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN

The authors report no conflict of interest.

The opinions or assertions contained, herein, are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense.