From the Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.G.M., C.F.F.); Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G.M., F.S.); Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (K.P.); Johns Hopkins Health System, Baltimore, Maryland (K.B.); and Vaccine Education Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.J.K.).
Funding sources: None to disclose.
Green-McKenzie, Field-Flowers, Peairs, Barnes, Shofer, and Kuter have no relationships/conditions/circumstances that present potential conflict of interest.
This research was Dr. Green-McKenzie's Hedwig van Ameringen Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine® (ELAM®) Institutional Action Project (IAP), which she presented at the 2022 ELAM® Leaders Forum.
The JOEM editorial board and planners have no financial interest related to this research.
Ethical Considerations and Disclosures: This study was presented to both the University of Pennsylvania and Johns Hopkins Institutional Review Boards (IRB). The University Pennsylvania IRB notes that the study is Exempt, Category 4. Johns Hopkins IRB notes that it is Not Human Subject Research (NHSR)/quality Improvement and that the study could continue.
Authors’ contribution: J.G.M., F.S., B.J.K., C.F.F., and K.P. participated in the design and conduct of the study; J.G.M., F.S., B.J.K., and K.B. analyzed the data and built the model; and J.G.M., F.S., and B.J.K. wrote the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
Address correspondence to: Judith Green-McKenzie, MD, MPH, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, Ground Silverstein, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ([email protected]).
