Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland (Dr Koskela); West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, West Virginia (Dr Ducatman); Park Nicollet Osteoporosis Center and Health Partners Institute and Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Dr Schousboe); Department of Population and Public Health Sciences (Dr Nahhas, Dr Khalil); Department of Psychiatry (Dr Nahhas), Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio.
Address correspondence to: Antti Koskela, MD, PhD, Faculty of Medicine, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, P-O-Box 5000, Finland ([email protected]).
Sources of Funding: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Conflicts of Interest: A.D. has been a paid consultant to three communities seeking class action relief for PFAS contamination (payers include Faraci Lange, Motley Rice, Langrock Sperry, and Cohen Milstein), and a volunteer consultant to community leaders concerned about PFAS contamination in multiple settings. In addition, A.D. has provided unpaid lectures or service concerning PFAS to the Michigan State Medical State Medical Society, the US Government Accounting Office, the Australian Land and Groundwater Association, a committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, the Agency for Toxics Substances and Disease Control, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Koskela, Ducatman, Schousboe, Nahhas, and Khalil have no relationships/conditions/circumstances that present potential conflict of interest.
The JOEM editorial board and planners have no financial interest related to this research.
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