Departments of Neurology (RK, LH, BJ, SLG, LJB) and Population Health (RK, ML, YC, LET, LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York; Al-Bahar Ophthalmology Center (AAA-H, RB), Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait; Centre for Research on Sports in Society (LB), Mulier Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (AUB, AP, FP, HZ), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (AUB), University of California, Irvine, California; Department of Neurology (PAC, SS), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (EMF, TF), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (JH), LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany; Data Integration for Future Medicine consortium (DIFUTURE) (JH), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (BH, BK, TK), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (BH, TK), Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (HJ), Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Vita-Salute University & Hospital San Raffaele (LL, MP), Milano, Italy; Center of Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology (EHM-L, PV), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (AP), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RCN2NB) Basel, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (FP, HZ), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (AP), London, United Kingdom; The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (AP), Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Dutch Neuro-Ophthalmology Expertise Centre (AP), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oregon Health and Science University (HI), Portland, Oregon; Department of Ophthalmology (JSS, GW, SLG, LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering (JSS), Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York; Center for Neural Science (JSS), NYU, New York, New York; and Neuroscience Institute (JSS), NYU Langone Health, New York, New York.
Address correspondence to Laura J. Balcer, MD, MSCE, Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, 222 E. 41st Street, New York, NY 10017; E-mail: [email protected]
Supported in part by the NYU School of Medicine. P. A. Calabresi is supported by R01NS082347. J. Havla is (partially) funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Grant Numbers 01ZZ1603[A-D] and 01ZZ1804[A-H] [DIFUTURE]). B. Hemmer received funding for the study by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (grant MultipleMS, EU RIA 733161) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy within the framework of the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (EXC 2145 SyNergy—ID 390857198). B. Knier is funded by the Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung (Else Kröner-Fresenius Exzellenzstipendium). T. Korn is funded by the DFG (SFB1054-B06, TRR128-A07, TRR128-A12, TRR274-A01, Synergy Cluster of Excellence, EXC 2145, ID 390857198) and by the ERC (CoG 647215). J. S. Schuman received funding from the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD) R01-EY013178. An unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness (New York, NY) to the Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY. P. Villoslada is funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (PI15/0061).
L. J. Balcer is editor-in-chief of the Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology. A. U. Brandt is named as inventor on several patents and patent applications describing multiple sclerosis serum biomarkers, retinal image analysis methods, and human pose estimation methods. He is cofounder and holds shares in companies Motognosis and Nocturne. P. A. Calabresi is PI on grants to Johns Hopkins from Principia and Genentech. He has consulted for Disarm, Nerveda, Biogen, and Avidea. E. M. Frohman has received consulting and speaker fees from Novartis, Genzyme, Biogen, Alexion, and Janssen. T. Frohman has received consulting fees from Alexion. S. L. Galetta has been a consultant for Biogen and Genentech. J. Havla reports grants for OCT research from the Friedrich-Baur-Stiftung and Merck, personal fees and nonfinancial support from Celgene, Merck, Alexion, Novartis, Roche, Santhera, Biogen, Heidelberg Engineering, and Sanofi Genzyme, and nonfinancial support of the Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation, all outside the submitted work. B. Hemmer has served on scientific advisory boards for Novartis; he has served as DMSC member for AllergyCare, Polpharma, and TG therapeutics; he or his institution have received speaker honoraria from Desitin; his institution received research grants from Regeneron for MS research. He holds part of 2 patents: 1 for the detection of antibodies against KIR4.1 in a subpopulation of patients with MS and 1 for genetic determinants of neutralizing antibodies to interferon. All conflicts are not relevant to the topic of the study. B. Knier received travel support and a research grant from Novartis (Oppenheim research award). F. Paul serves as an Associate Editor for Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, reports research grants and speaker honoraria from Bayer, Teva, Genzyme, Merck, Novartis, and MedImmune and is member of the steering committee of the OCTIMS study (Novartis). A. Papadopoulou has received speaker fee from Sanofi-Genzyme and travel support from Bayer AG, Teva, and Hoffmann-La Roche. Her research was/is being supported by the University and University Hospital of Basel, the Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Society, the “Stiftung zur Förderung der gastroenterologischen und allgemeinen klinischen Forschung sowie der medizinischen Bildauswertung,” and the Swiss National Science Foundation (Project number: P300PB_174480). A. Petzold is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre based at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology. A. Papadopoulou is part of the steering committee of the ANGI network that is sponsored by ZEISS and steering committee of the OCTiMS study that is sponsored by Novartis and reports speaker fees from Heidelberg-Engineering. S. Saidha has received consulting fees from Medical Logix for the development of CME programs in neurology and has served on scientific advisory boards for Biogen, Genzyme, Genentech Corporation, EMD Serono & Celgene. He has consulted for Carl Zeiss Meditec. He is the PI of investigator-initiated studies funded by Genentech Corporation and Biogen Idec, and received support from the Race to Erase MS foundation. He has received equity compensation for consulting from JuneBrain LLC, a retinal imaging device developer. J. S. Schuman: Aerie Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: consultant/advisor, equity owner. BrightFocus Foundation: grant support. Boehringer Ingelheim: consultant/advisor. Carl Zeiss Meditec: patents/royalty/consultant/advisor. Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Massachusetts Institute of Technology: intellectual property. National Eye Institute: grant support. New York University: intellectual property. Ocugenix: equity owner, patents/royalty. Ocular Therapeutix, Inc.: consultant/advisor, equity owner. Opticient: consultant/advisor, equity owner. Perfuse, Inc.: consultant/advisor. Regeneron, Inc.: consultant/advisor. SLACK Incorporated: consultant/advisor. Tufts University: intellectual property. University of Pittsburgh: intellectual property. P. Villoslada holds stocks and has received consultancy fees from Accure therapeutics, Spiral Therapeutics, QMENTA, Attune Neurosciences, CLight, NeuroPrex, and Adhera Health. H. G. Zimmermann received research grants from Novartis and speaking honoraria from Bayer Healthcare. The remaining authors report no disclosures.
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