aDepartment of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
bPole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique
cDivision of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
dDepartment of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine
eRichard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
fService of Nephrology and Hypertension, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
gDepartment of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht
hZuyderland Medical Center, Geleen, The Netherlands
iDepartment of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
jService de Néphrologie-Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bretonneau, François-Rabelais University, Tours, France
kSaarland University Medical Center; Internal Medicine IV - Nephrology and Hypertension, Homburg, Germany
lDivision of Nephrology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
mDepartment of Nephrology, Sfax University Hospital
nResearch Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
oDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
pCNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Hypertension and Renal Diseases Unit, Ospedali Riuniti, Reggio Calabria, Italy
qInstitute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
rIIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, School of Medicine, University Autonoma of Madrid, FRIAT and REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
sDepartment of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano
tDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan
uUniversità degli Studi and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino IST, Genova, Italy
vINSERM, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, UMR 1116, Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy
wF-CRIN INI-CRCT Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Nancy, France
xHypertension Unit & Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
yDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - VUB, Brussels
zNephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
aaDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
bbDepartment of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
ccManhes Hospital and FCRIN INI-CRCTC, Manhes, France
Correspondence to Pantelis A. Sarafidis, MD, MSc, PhD, Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos 49, GR54642 Thessaloniki, Greece. Tel: +30 2310 992796; fax: +30 2310 688969; e-mail: [email protected]
Abbreviations: ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine; AIx, augmentation index; ALCHEMIST, ALdosterone Antagonist Chronic HEModialysis Interventional Survival Trial; ARB, angiotensin-II receptor blocker; BLOCADE, beta-blocker to LOwer CArdiovascular Dialysis Events study; BP, blood pressure; CAPD, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRIC, Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study; DOHAS, Dialysis Outcomes Heart Failure Aldactone Study; DOPPS, Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study; DRIP, Dry-Weight Reduction in Hemodialysis Patients study; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ERA-EDTA, European Renal Association – European Dialysis and Transplant Association; ESAs, erythropoietin-stimulating agents; ESH, European Society of Hypertension; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; EURECA-m, European Renal and Cardiovascular Medicine Working Group; FOSIDIAL, Fosinopril in Dialysis study; HDPAL, Hypertension in Hemodialysis Patients Treated with Atenolol or Lisinopril study; HR, hazard ratio; KEEP, Kidney Early Evaluation Program; LUST, Lung Water by Ultra-Sound Guided Treatment to Prevent Death and Cardiovascular Complications in High Risk ESRD Patients with Cardiomyopathy study; LV, left ventricular; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NKF-KDOQI, National Kidney Foundation – Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative; NO, nitric oxide; OCTOPUS, Olmesartan Clinical Trial in Okinawa Patients under Dialysis study; PP, pulse pressure; PRA, plasma renin activity; PWV, pulse wave velocity; RAAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; rhuEPO, recombinant erythropoietin; RR, relative risk; TonEBP, tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
Received 13 November, 2016
Accepted 10 January, 2017