Prediction of Number of Casts and Need of Tenotomy Using Pirani Score in the Management of Clubfoot

Abstract

Background: 

Clubfoot also called as congenital tailpipes equinovarus is a complex ankle and foot deformity characterized by forefoot adduction and supination, midfoot cavus and hindfoot varus and equinus. It is estimated that more than 100,000 babies are born each year worldwide with clubfoot, and 80% are seen in developing nations. Different scoring systems are used for grading the severity of deformity or monitoring the natural history of clubfoot. The Pirani scoring system is now routinely used in most clubfoot clinics, including Cure Ethiopia, Children's Hospital.

Methods: 

A facility based retrospective study was conducted on 278 idiopathic club feet successfully treated by the Ponseti method and scored by Pirani system between September 2013/14 to September 2017/2018. Age at presentation, number of casts required, need for percutaneous Achilles tenotomy, casting effects were recorded.

Results: 

A total of 287 clinical folders of children were retrieved (424 feet). The mean (±SD) number of casts required for correction of the deformity was 5.54 ± 1.63. The number of cast required for correction is significantly, and positively correlated with initial severity of Pirani score (r = 0.62 for right foot; r = 0.675 for left foot). There is a significant difference on the overall initial Pirani score between tenotomy and non- tenotomy group (P value < 0.001).

Conclusion: 

The study revealed that severity of initial Pirani score can be used to estimate the number of Ponseti cast required for correction of clubfoot deformity and the need for tenotomy. Besides, the number of Ponseti cast required may not be affected by age of a child at the commencement of treatment.