From the ∗Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
†Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama
‡Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku
§Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo
∥Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima
¶Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, School of Public Health in the Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto
#Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima
∗∗The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu
††Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
‡‡Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto
§§Department of Innovative Research and Education for Clinicians and Trainees (DiRECT), Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan.
This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (grant number: JP 19KT0021). The funder had no role in the study design, analyses, interpretation of the data, writing of the manuscript, or the decision to submit it for publication.
N.K. is a member of the Committee on Clinical Research, Japan College of Rheumatology, and has received grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, consulting fees from GlaxoSmithKline K.K., and payments for speaking at and participating in educational events from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Sanofi K.K., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, and the Japan College of Rheumatology. K.S. received a research grant from Pfizer Inc and a payment for speaking at and participating in educational events from GlaxoSmithKline K.K. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
The current study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study design was approved by both the Institutional Ethical Board of Showa University Hospital (approval number: 22-130-B) and the Institutional Ethical Board of Okayama University Hospital (approval number: 2204-016). As this study was conducted using anonymous data derived from physicians' unmarked questionnaires, written informed consent was not acquired, in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Biological Research Involving Human Subjects in Japan.
Data availability statement: The data sets used and analyzed in the present study are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author.
Author contributions: K. Sada, N.Y., R.Y., Y.S., and N.K. contributed to the conceptualization and supervision. N.K. and N.Y. contributed to the data curation. Y. Miyawaki and N.K. contributed to the formal analysis. N.K. contributed to the funding acquisition, methodology, and project administration. Y. Miyawaki, K. Sada, K. Shidahara, S.N., Y.A., Y.K., E.K., T.K., M.N., Y. Matsumoto, N.O., N.Y., Y.I., C.H., R.Y., D.K., T.I., and Y.S. contributed to the investigation. Y. Miyawaki and N.K. contributed to the writing—original draft. K. Sada, K. Shidahara, S.N., Y.A., Y.K., KH, E.K., T.K., M.N., Y. Matsumoto, N.O., N.Y., Y.I., C.H., R.Y., D.K., T.I., Y.S., and J.W. contributed to the writing—review and editing.
Correspondence: Noriaki Kurita, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan. E-mail: [email protected].
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