1Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
2Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
3Roth McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Center, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
aEmail address for D.P. Goel: [email protected]
*A list of the Canadian Shoulder and Elbow Society (CSES) members is included in a Note at the end of the article.
Investigation performed at the Advanced Technical Skills and Simulation Lab (ATSSL), Health Research Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Disclosure: The study was supported by the Canadian Shoulder and Elbow Society (CSES). On the Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest forms, which are provided with the online version of the article, one or more of the authors checked “yes” to indicate that the author had a relevant financial relationship in the biomedical arena outside the submitted work; “yes” to indicate that the author had a patent and/or copyright, planned, pending, or issued, directly relevant to this work (including a pending patent for the immersive virtual reality training module used in the study); and “yes” to indicate that the author had other relationships or activities that could be perceived to influence, or have the potential to influence, what was written in this work (including relationships with PrecisionOS Technologies, the developer of the immersive virtual reality training module used in the study) (https://links.lww.com/JBJS/F681).
