aDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN;
bDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD;
cDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN;
dVanderbilt Comprehensive Care Clinic, Nashville, TN; and
eDepartment of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.
Correspondence to: Daniel E. Sack, BA, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 750, Nashville, TN 37203 (e-mail: [email protected]).
The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Support was provided by NIAID (K01AI131895; P.F.R.), NIMH (F30MH123219; DES; and R01MH113438; A.C.P.), and by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007347; D.E.S.). This work was further supported by National Institutes of Health Grants U01AI069918, F31AI124794, F31DA037788, G12MD007583, K01AI093197, K01AI131895, K23EY013707, K24AI065298, K24AI118591, K24DA000432, KL2TR000421, N01CP01004, N02CP055504, N02CP91027, P30AI027757, P30AI027763, P30AI027767, P30AI036219, P30AI050409, P30AI050410, P30AI094189, P30AI110527, P30MH62246, R01AA016893, R01DA011602, R01DA012568, R01AG053100, R24AI067039, U01AA013566, U01AA020790, U01AI038855, U01AI038858, U01AI068634, U01AI068636, U01AI069432, U01AI069434, U01DA03629, U01DA036935, U10EY008057, U10EY008052, U10EY008067, U01HL146192, U01HL146193, U01HL146194, U01HL146201, U01HL146202, U01HL146203, U01HL146204, U01HL146205, U01HL146208, U01HL146240, U01HL146241, U01HL146242, U01HL146245, U01HL146333, U24AA020794,U54MD007587, UL1RR024131, UL1TR000004, UL1TR000083, Z01CP010214, and Z01CP010176; contracts CDC-200-2006-18797 and CDC-200-2015-63931 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA; contract 90047713 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, USA; contract 90051652 from the Health Resources and Services Administration, USA; Grants CBR-86906, CBR-94036, HCP-97105, and TGF-96118 from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada; Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care; and the Government of Alberta, Canada. Additional support was provided by the National Institute of Allergy And Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute for Mental Health (NIMH) and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).
P.F.R. received honoraria from Gilead in 2020 and from Johnson & Johsnon in 2021. KNA is a consultant to the All of Us Research Program (NIH) and serves on the scientific advisory board for Trio Health. All other authors declare no competing interests beyond NIH funding (money paid to institutions, described further for individual authors and the cohorts with data included in the manuscript).
Part of the results presented in this paper were presented at the 2019 International Workshop on HIV and Hepatitis Observational Databases (IWHOD); March 28–29, 2019; Athens, Greece.
