Villoglandular Pattern in HPV-associated Endocervical Adenocarcinoma is Associated With Excellent Prognosis: A Reappraisal of 31 Cases Using IECC and Silva Pattern Classification

Abstract

Villoglandular adenocarcinoma of the cervix is a rare histologic entity that typically develops in young women, characterized by an association with oral contraceptives and excellent prognosis, though this point is controversial. These tumors have not been studied in the context of the International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification (IECC) or Silva Pattern Classification. We analyzed 31 cases that met strict diagnostic criteria, including being completely excised with negative margins. These were categorized according to IECC and Silva Pattern Classification and the association with various pathologic parameters analyzed. Most patients were young with a mean age of 41.1 (range 25–79). There were 14 (45.2%) pattern A, 11 (35.5%) pattern B, and 6 (19.3%) pattern C cases. Only 1 of 22 patients (4.5%) presented with lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis (pattern C, stage IB1) and 3 (9.7%) had lymphovascular invasion (2 pattern C, 1 pattern B). Overall survival was 100%, while recurrence-free survival was 96.2% for the entire cohort with only 1 case (3.2%) recurring 25 mo after surgery (IB2, pattern B). Kaplan Meier analysis (log rank test) revealed no significant correlation for recurrence-free survival at 5 and 10 yr associated with depth of invasion, tumor size, Silva pattern, FIGO stage, lymphovascular invasion, or lymph node metastasis. Cox univariate analysis demonstrated no independent prognostic factors predicting recurrence-free survival. These results indicate that completely excised villoglandular adenocarcinoma generally has an excellent prognosis and when Silva Pattern Classification is applied, those tumors that potentially have a higher chance for adverse outcomes can be identified.