Thomas G. Rundall, PhD, is Henry J. Kaiser Professor of Health Policy and Management, Emeritus and Co-director, Center for Lean Engagement and Research in Healthcare, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. E-mail: [email protected].
Stephen M. Shortell, PhD, MPH, MBA, is Blue Cross of California Distinguished Professor of Health Policy and Management, Emeritus and Co-director, Center for Lean Engagement and Research in Healthcare, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley.
Janet C. Blodgett, MS, is Senior Data Analyst and Project Director, Center for Lean Engagement and Research in Healthcare, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley.
Rachel Mosher Henke, PhD, is Senior Director, Evaluation and Economic Research, IBM Watson Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
David Foster, PhD, MPH, is Principal Scientist, IBM Watson Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
General support for the Center for Lean Engagement and Research in Healthcare was provided via research gifts to the University of California, Berkeley, by Catalysis, the Lean Enterprise Institute, Moss Adams/Rona Consulting Group, Value Capture, and Jewish Healthcare Foundation. The authors declare no individual support from these or other organizations related to this research.
The authors have disclosed that they have no significant relationship with, or financial interest in, any commercial companies pertaining to this article.
