Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; the Department of Obstetrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care & Cochrane Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gelre Hospitals Apeldoorn, Apeldoorn, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina; the Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine, Community Health Sciences, and Pediatrics, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST-Spedali Civili, and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, and the Fetal Therapy Unit “Umberto Nicolini” and the Department of Women, Mother and Newborn, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; the Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan; the Department of Fetal Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; the Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; the Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland; the Mednax Center for Research, Education, Quality, and Safety, Sunrise, Florida; the Obstetrix Medical Group, Campbell, California; Unidad de Medicina Materno-Fetal, Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad, Departamento de Pediatría, Obstetricia y Ginecología, and Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Departamento de Pediatría, Obstetricia y Ginecología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; and the Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's Hospital, the Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, and the Twins Trust Centre for Research and Clinical Excellence, London, the Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, and the Aberdeen Centre for Women's Health Research, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
Corresponding author: Wentao Li, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; email: [email protected].
Financial Disclosure Elena Carreras is a member of the European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability ERN-ITHACA (EU Framework Partnership Agreement ID: 3HP-HP-FPA ERN-01-2016/739516). One included research project was supported, in part, by the Division of Population Health, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, and, in part, with federal funds for the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies – Dichorionic Twins under Contract Numbers: HHSN275200800013C; HHSN275200800002I; HHSN27500006; HHSN275200800003IC; HHSN275200800014C; HHSN275200800012C; HHSN275200800028C; and HHSN275201000009C. Katherine L. Grantz has contributed to this work as part of her official duties as an employee of the United States federal government. Wessel Ganzevoort reports government funding (ZonMW 843002825) and free-of-charge test kits from Roche Diagnostics. Sanne J. Gordijn disclosed that money was paid to their institution from ZonMW, Roche (in-kind kits unrestricted and shipping and handling of material), and SCEM (conference payment to research fund). They also received funding from Dublin Maternity Hospital (payment for travels for Charter Day lecture). In addition, they report holding government funding (ZonMW 852002034) and free-of-charge test kits from Roche Diagnostics. R. Katie Morris disclosed money was paid to her through a consultancy to a company that designs neonatal vital signs monitors (SUREPULSE), and money was paid to her institution from the NIHR. Ben W. Mol is supported by a NHMRC Investigator grant (GNT1176437), and reports consultancy for ObsEva and research funding from Ferring and Merck. The PREDICT study received funding from The Danish Medical Research Council, The Fetal Medicine Foundation, The Copenhagen University Hospital's Research Fund, The Aase and Ejnar Danielsens Fund, The Augustinus Fund, The Ivan Nielsen Fund, The Doctor Sofus Carl Emil Friis, and wife Olga Doris Friis' Fund, The Simon Fougner Hartmanns Family Fund, The Danish Medical Society in Copenhagen, and The A.P. Moeller Foundation. The other authors did not report any potential conflicts of interest.
Presented at the 24th Annual Congress of the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand, held virtually, March 29–31, 2021.
Each author has confirmed compliance with the journal's requirements for authorship.
Peer reviews and author correspondence are available at https://links.lww.com/AOG/C690.
