Mangiavillano, Benedetto1,2,; Auriemma, Francesco1; Paduano, Danilo1; Lamonaca, Laura1; Repici, Alessandro2,3
1Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Humanitas Mater Domini, Castellanza (VA), Italy
2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
3Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Milano, Italy
Address for correspondence Dr. Benedetto Mangiavillano, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Humanitas Mater Domini, Via Gerenzano n. 2, 21053, Castellanza (VA), Italy. E-mail: [email protected]
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
EUS gallbladder (GB) drainage technique started in 2007 when the double-pigtail plastic stents or nasocystic drainage tube was used for the drainage. Subsequently, therapeutic EUS has evolved, especially with the introduction of the electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent (EC-LAMS) for the treatment of GB stones.[1,2]
An 83-year-old woman with Alzheimer’s disease and hypertension was addressed to our evaluation because of symptomatic GB stones. A computed tomography scan revealed the presence of multiple stones <1 cm into the GB in the absence of dilation and stones into the common bile duct. The case was discussed during our multidisciplinary meeting, and an EUS plus EC-LAMS with 2-month removal was proposed. We performed a freehand cholecystogastrostomy (CGS) under EUS guidance from the anterior wall of the gastric antrum with a 10 mm × 20 mm Hot-Spaxus™ (Taewoong Medical Co., Gimpo, Korea)[3-5] [Figure 1]. After EC-LAMS placement, no balloon dilation was performed and no double-pigtail plastic stent was placed. The stent was placed with the aim to obtain a spontaneous stone migration into the gastric cavity [Video 1]. At 1 month, the patient underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy showing the correct placement of the stent with only one stone inside. At 2 months, with a pediatric gastroscope, we explored the GB that was empty from stones and the stent was easily removed by a standard gastroscope and tooth-rat forceps. No plastic pigtail stents were placed across the CGS. The patient was followed for 6 months after stent removal, and no early and late adverse events were experienced. In our opinion, probably, in future, the elective GB treatment of symptomatic stones should be a valid alternative in the elderly or unfit for surgery patients [Video 1].
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Figure 1: Proximal flange of the 10 mm × 20 mm EC-LAMS opened inside the stomach. EC-LAMS: Electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent
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Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form, the patient has given her consent for her images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patient understands that her name and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal her identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
REFERENCES
1. Ge N, Zhang K, Hu J, et al. How to perform EUS-based cholecystolithotomy. Endosc Ultrasound 2020;9:162–6.
2. Ge N, Sun S, Sun S, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-assisted transmural cholecystoduodenostomy or cholecystogastrostomy as a bridge for per-oral cholecystoscopy therapy using double-flanged fully covered metal stent. BMC Gastroenterol 2016;16:9.
3. Mangiavillano B, Moon JH, Crinò SF, et al. Safety and efficacy of a novel electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent in interventional EUS procedures (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2022;95:115–22.
4. Yoo HW, Moon JH, Jo SJ, et al. Anovel electrocautery-enhanced delivery system for one-step endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of the gallbladder and bile duct using a lumen-apposing metal stent:A feasibility study. Endoscopy 2021;53:922–6.
5. Mangiavillano B, Auriemma F, Lamonaca L, et al. A novel lumen-apposing metal stent with an electrocautery tip for different indications:Initial experience in a referral center. Dig Dis 2022;40:526–9.
